Journal: eBioMedicine
Article Title: Akkermansia muciniphila prevents cold-related atrial fibrillation in rats by modulation of TMAO induced cardiac pyroptosis
doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104087
Figure Lengend Snippet: Cold exposure induces AF and gut microbiota dysbiosis in rats. (A) Endocardial and surface electrograms recordings in response to burst pacing in RT and Cold rats. ( B ) Number of rats in which AF could be reproducibly induced by right atrial burst pacing. ( C ) AF duration in RT and Cold groups (n=13 per group). (D) Representative images of Masson's trichrome staining and the collagen volume fraction in the atria of RT and Cold rats (n = 3 per group). Magnification × 200, scale bar = 50μm. (E) Representative bands and quantification of expressions of TGF-β1 and α-SMA in rats of RT and Cold rats groups (n = 6 per group). (F) Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of unweighted UniFrac revealed clustering of the gut microbiota after temperatures. Each dot represents a single sample of feces. (G) The top 10 of relative abundance of gut microbiota at family level in feces of RT and Cold rats (n = 13 per group). GAPDH was used for normalization. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM and compared by Student's t test ( D and E ) or Wilcoxon test (C) . AF inducibility (B) was presented as numbers and compared by Fisher exact test. RT, room temperature. AF, atrial fibrillation. SR, sinus rhythm.
Article Snippet: Briefly, approximately 30∼50 μg of proteins were separated by electrophoresis on 8∼12% SDS–PAGE and then transferred moist to PVDF membranes (Millipore, Billerica, MA,USA).The primary antibodies were as following: anti-TGF-β1 (Bioss, cat#bs-0103R, RRID: AB_10855750), anti-α-SMA (Bioss, cat#bsm-52396R), anti-BAX (Proteintech, cat#60267-1-Ig, RRID: AB_2848213), anti-Bcl2 (abcom, cat#ab196495), anti-GAPDH (ZSGB-Bio, cat#TA-08, RRID: AB_2747414), anti-β-actin (ZSGB-Bio, cat#TA-09, RRID: AB_2636897), anti-ZO-1 (Proteintech, cat#21773-1-AP, RRID:AB_10733242), anti-Occludin(Abcam, cat#ab167161, RRID: AB_2756463), anti-Claudin-4 (Proteintech, cat#16195-1-AP, RRID: AB_2082969), anti-FMO3 (Proteintech, cat#17469-1-AP, RRID: AB_2878410), anti-Caspas1-p20 (Proteintech, cat#22915-1-AP, RRID: AB_2876874), anti-N-GSDMD (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, cat#sc-393581, RRID: AB_2819179).
Techniques: Staining